Gramática: plurales 

         

Plural Nouns

Nouns are words that mean people, places or things.   Some examples are Matthew, the moon, and mountains.

Nouns can be singular (just one, for example, butterfly) or plural (more than one, for example, butterflies).

Examples:

 singular  plural
 estrella
 star
 estrellas
 stars
 corazón
 heart
 corazones
 hearts


Notice that, in English, when you have more than one of a noun, you add the letter -s to the end.   In Spanish, you add an -s or -es. You add -s if the word ends in a vowel (a,e,i,o,u), and -es if the word ends in a consonant (all other letters). 

Rule: To make a word plural, add -s if the word ends in a vowel, and -es if the word ends in a consonant.  

If the noun ends in -z, change the ending to -ces.

Example:

la luz
the light

las luces
the lights

In English, when you make a word plural, only that word adds an -s.  In Spanish, all words that describe that noun (all adjectives) also become plural.

Examples:

la estrella roja 
the red star

las estrellas rojas
the red stars

el corazón azul
the blue heart

los corazones azules
the blue hearts

That's because in Spanish, when you have a plural noun, you change all words that describe that noun (all adjectives) to the plural also.   You will add -s or -es to all adjectives.  For the word the, choose the plural form (los or las). 

Rule: When you make a word plural, make all adjectives plural also. 


Summary
 
To make a noun plural:
  1. add -s if the word ends in a vowel
  2. add -es if the word ends in a consonant
  3. change the ending to -ces if the the word ends in -z
  4. change the (el, la) to the plural the (los, las)
  5. make any adjectives plural